The Business Motivation Model

Model Summary
Model Details

This model is based on “The Business Motivation Model - Business Governance in a Volatile World” by The Business Rules Group.

The model contains both the structural aspects based on the metamodels and semantic aspects of the concepts based on the natural language description. For example, an End can be attainable, short- or long term, and focused on enterprise or a business area. These properties are important for communicating the nature of the concepts and should aid the modeller in evaluating whether her model is semantically correct (e.g., a long-term and unattainable Objective is incorrect). These semantic properties constitute a “checklist” for the modeller.

Model Summary

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Model Details

First, we define a generic BMM model Element:

abstract Element

There are many types of Elements in a BMM model but two are most important: Ends and Means. Ends are what an enterprise is trying to accomplish. Means are the ways of accomplishing the Ends.

abstract End : Element

attainable ?

xor term

short

long

xor focusedOn

enterprise

businessArea

and

abstract Mean : Element

Ends

The Vision is what an enterprise is supposed to look like, without regard to how it can be achieved.

abstract Vision : End

[ enterprise ]

[ long ]

amplifiedBy -> Goal +

madeOperativeBy -> Mission

A DesiredResult is a different type of End than the Vision and represents a tangible outcome that can be either qualitative or quantitative.

abstract DesiredResult : End

supportedBy -> CourseOfAction +// inverseOf amplifies

xor kind// inverseOf makesOperative

qualitative

quantitative

abstract Goal : DesiredResult

amplifies -> Vision

general

ongoing

[ businessArea ]

[ attainable ]

[ qualitative ]// inverseOf isAmplifiedBy

[ long ]

abstract Objective : DesiredResult

SMART

specific

[ attainable ]// measuresOfPerformance -> Metric +

relevant

timeBound

limitedInTimeframe

cyclical ?

[ businessArea ]// measurable -> Metric +

[ quantitative ]

[ short ]

quantifies -> Goal +

Means

abstract CourseOfAction : Mean

channelsEffortsToward -> DesiredResult

governedBy -> Directive

formulatedBasedOn -> Directive

xor scope

broad

narrow

xor term// inverseOf supportedBy

short// inverseOf governs

long// inverseOf sourceOf

[ broad && long || narrow && short ]//realizedBy -> BusinessProcess

includes -> CourseOfAction *

enables -> CourseOfAction *

abstract Strategy : CourseOfAction

implementedBy -> Tactic

aComponentOfThePlanFor -> Mission

rightApproachGiven

// composition of courses of action // inverseOf implements // inverseOf plannedByMeansOf

abstract Tactic : CourseOfAction// [ channelsEffortsToward -> Goal ]

implements -> Strategy

effectsEnforcementLevelOf -> BusinessRule// constraints -> Constraint *

// risks -> Risk *

/*
[ includes -> Strategy * // strategies can only contain other strategies and not tactics
enables -> Strategy * // strategies can only enable other strategies and not tactics ]
*/

abstract Mission : Mean

makesOperative -> Vision

plannedByMeansOf -> Strategy// inverseOf implementedBy

abstract Directive : Mean

governs -> CourseOfAction

/*
[ channelsEffortsToward -> Objective
includes -> Tactic * // tactics can only contain other tactics and not strategies
enables -> Tactic * // tactics can only enable other tactics and not strategies ]
*/

sourceOf -> CourseOfAction

supportsTheAchievementOf -> DesiredResult

xor influencesAspectOfEnterprise

defines

constraints

liberates

asserts// inverseOf madeOperativeBy

controls// inverseOf aComponentOfTHePlanFor

declarative

actsAs -> Regulation

xor degreeOfStructure

lessStructured

highlyStructured

xor granularity

lessDiscreteAndComposite

discreteAndAtomic

actionable ?

automatable ?

abstract BusinessPolicy : Directive

providesBasisFor -> BusinessRule +// inverseOf aRolePlayedBy

governs -> CourseOfAction *

control

guide

shape

[ lessStructured ]

[ lessDiscreteAndComposite ]

[ ! actionable ]// motivatedBy -> Assessment

[ ! automatable ]

includes -> BusinessPolicy *

abstract BusinessRule : Directive // governsBP -> BusinessProcess + /* = governs.realizedBy // derived from the processes that realize the courses of action */

[ all o : supportsTheAchievementOf | o.ref in Objective ]

xor enforcementLevel

strictlyEnforced

deferredEnforcement

preAuthorizedOverride// [ supportsTheAchievementOf -> Goal ]

postJustifiedOverride

overrideWithExplanation

guideline

hasEnforcementLevelEffectedBy -> Tactic

[ highlyStructured ]// composition of business policies

[ discreteAndAtomic ]

[ actionable ]

expressedUsingStandardBusinessVocabulary// [ supportsTheAchievementOf -> Objective ] - explicit constraint is needed for this

Other Elements

abstract Regulation : Element

aRolePlayedBy -> Directive

abstract or Influencer : Element

or externalInfluencer

environment

technology

regulation

xor prescribedBy

government

management

supplier

xor provides

products

services

customer

xor productsOrServices// inverseOf actsAs

investigated

ordered// multiple inheritance in spec expressed by 'or' groups

received

paidFor

competitor

partner

or internalInfluencer

infrastructure

issue

assumption

resource

habit

managementPrerogative

xor corporateValue

explicitCorporateValue

implicitCorporateValue

Michal: in some particular cases different kinds of influencers may be required. One could extend Influencer but currently, it is not possible to add clafers to its children, e.g., a new type of internalInfluencer?

Assessment is a judgement that an influencer affects the employment of Means or the achievement of Ends.

abstract Assessment : Element

identifies -> PotentialImpact

about -> Influencer

or affects

employmentOf -> Mean +

achievementOf -> End +

madeBy -> OrganizationUnit

uses -> Assessment *

xor SWOT

strength

weakness

opportunity

threat

abstract PotentialImpact : Element

significantTo -> Assessment

providesImpetusFor -> Directive

xor type

risk// inverseOf significantTo

probabilityOfLoss : integer

potentialLoss : integer

unitOfMeasure -> Currency

potentialReward

probabilityOfGain : integer// Michal: how to inject a derived inverse 'makes' into the TOGAF metamodel?

potentialGain : integer

unitOfMeasure -> Currency

abstract Metric : Element

abstract KeyPerformanceIndicator : Metric

abstract CriticalSuccessFactor : Metric

General Purpose Definitions

enum Currency = USD | EUR | CAD

Imported TOGAF concepts

abstract OrganizationUnit

abstract BusinessProcess

// in %
// in %